![]() ![]() In the 2006 edition of the CSE Manual, secondary citations are not listed as a valid form of citation. Secondary citations refer to material that you have not seen in its original form but rather have obtained from another document that cited the original source. Cite a work cited by your source (secondary citation) Here is what the reference list entry for this source would look like:ĪIPL (Animal Improvement Program Laboratory), USDA. Holstein dairy cows in the Dairy Herd Improvement program born in 2009 compared to 1990 had a 28-percent-greater milk yield (26,861 pounds vs. When citing an organization, corporation, or university as an author, use an abbreviation or acronym to avoid interrupting your text with a long citation. In this study we develop a conceptual model for understanding the linkages between aquatic habitats and the surrounding terrestrial landscape, building on ideas presented by Polis and Hurd (1996) and Gasith and Hasler (1976) who examined spatial linkages between islands and the surrounding sea and terrestrial organic inputs into lakes, respectively. If you name your author in the sentence near the citation, you do not need to repeat that name in the citation itself: 2004), and time-dependent factors such as month (Arunvipas et al. 2001), method of analysis (Peterson et al. 2001), DHI test-day level of milk production (Johnson and Young 2003), method of sampling (morning vs. 2002), its use as a management tool on farms remains uncertain because of permanent or temporary effects specific to herds (e.g., rolling herd average for milk production Rajala-Schultz and Saville 2003), cows within a herd (e.g., breed, parity, stage of lactation Godden et al. This might lead to long sentences, with citations immediately following the topics with which those sources are associated:Īlthough “target” ranges of MUN have been proposed (Hof et al. This might mean citing a source at the end of a sentence or in the middle of a sentence. Where to citeĬite sources as close as practicable to the information they support. 2004), while the problem of aquatic ecosystem eutrophication is driven by urban and agricultural land use that contributes nutrients to downstream aquatic systems (Carpenter et al. Cite a source written by three or more authorsįor example, terrestrial carbon can play a central role in supporting lake food webs (Pace et al. solani occurs in the field either from the seed tuber (Jellis and Taylor 1977) or soil (Merida and Loria 1994). The rapid discovery of the unique mechanisms underlying crown gall disease demonstrated how quickly an area could advince given significant investment and competition (Zambryski 1988). In-text referencesĬSE’s name-year in-text reference takes the form of the author’s last name and the year of publication, in parentheses. These parenthetical refer to sources listed at the end of the document. #Textual reference manualPublication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).In this CSE citation system, references in your text give the last name of the author or authors and the year of publication within parentheses. If the webinar is livestreamed but not recorded, or if the recording is not publicly accessible, it is not included in a reference list, but cited as personal communication instead (American Psychological Association, 2020, p. ![]() Lunch and learn: Giving feedback on student writing. If an archived webinar is recoverable online, it can be cited as an online video as well.
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